I think about a farmer choosing between an expensive alternative they can't afford and a fine they also can't afford, stuck in an impossible position while the city blames them for smoke they had no real alternative to avoid creating.
by meeraiyerEditorial
I think about a farmer choosing between an expensive alternative they can't afford and a fine they also can't afford, stuck in an impossible position while the city blames them for smoke they had no real alternative to avoid creating.
A 2019 study in the journal Environmental Research Letters found Punjab and Haryana's crop-burning fines had minimal effect on burning rates specifically because subsidized alternatives like the Happy Seeder machine remained financially out of reach for smaller farmers -- suggesting enforcement without affordable alternatives doesn't address the underlying economic driver.
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